/**
 * Technology Theme - OJS 3.5
 * Modern, Professional Academic & Computer Science Journal Theme
 * Primary Brand Color: #033692
 */

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,400;1,600&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');

:root {
  --tech-font: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --tech-font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace;

  /* Primary Brand (#033692) */
  --tech-primary: #033692;
  --tech-primary-hover: #022468;
  --tech-primary-light: #1a56c4;
  --tech-primary-rgb: 3, 54, 146;
  --tech-accent: #00b4d8;
  --tech-accent-rgb: 0, 180, 216;
  --tech-cyan: #06b6d4;
  
  /* Deep Navy & Tech Dark */
  --tech-navy-dark: #021330;
  --tech-navy-mid: #05204d;
  --tech-navy-surface: #0a2558;
  --tech-navy-card: #0e306e;

  /* Gradients */
  --tech-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #033692 0%, #0c57c4 50%, #021e54 100%);
  --tech-gradient-dark: linear-gradient(135deg, #021029 0%, #032d78 50%, #021e54 100%);
  --tech-gradient-hero: linear-gradient(135deg, #020f26 0%, #032a70 45%, #053b9c 80%, #021e54 100%);
  --tech-gradient-card: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02) 100%);
  --tech-subtle: #edf3fc;
  --tech-subtle-blue: #e0ecff;

  /* Grayscale & UI Surfaces */
  --tech-bg: #f8fafc;
  --tech-surface: #ffffff;
  --tech-gray-50: #f8fafc;
  --tech-gray-100: #f1f5f9;
  --tech-gray-200: #e2e8f0;
  --tech-gray-300: #cbd5e1;
  --tech-gray-400: #94a3b8;
  --tech-gray-600: #475569;
  --tech-gray-700: #334155;
  --tech-gray-800: #1e293b;
  --tech-gray-900: #0f172a;

  /* Shadows & Elevations */
  --tech-shadow-2xs: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.04);
  --tech-shadow-sm: 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.06);
  --tech-shadow: 0 6px 16px -2px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.08), 0 2px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
  --tech-shadow-lg: 0 14px 30px -4px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.12), 0 6px 12px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  --tech-shadow-xl: 0 22px 42px -6px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.18), 0 12px 18px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);

  /* Radius */
  --tech-radius-sm: 0.45rem;
  --tech-radius: 0.75rem;
  --tech-radius-lg: 1rem;
  --tech-radius-xl: 1.5rem;
}

/* Base resets & typography */
body {
  font-family: var(--tech-font);
  color: var(--tech-gray-800);
  background-color: var(--tech-bg);
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

::selection {
  background-color: var(--tech-primary);
  color: #ffffff;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
  background: var(--tech-gray-100);
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  background: var(--tech-gray-300);
  border-radius: 4px;
}
::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
  background: var(--tech-primary);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   PAGE LAYOUT & CONTAINER (Balanced side margins & comfortable reading width)
   ========================================================================== */
.container,
.container-sm,
.container-md,
.container-lg,
.container-xl,
.container-xxl {
  width: 100%;
  padding-right: 1.25rem !important;
  padding-left: 1.25rem !important;
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .container,
  .container-sm,
  .container-md,
  .container-lg,
  .container-xl,
  .container-xxl {
    max-width: 1180px !important;
    padding-right: 1.5rem !important;
    padding-left: 1.5rem !important;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1400px) {
  .container,
  .container-sm,
  .container-md,
  .container-lg,
  .container-xl,
  .container-xxl {
    max-width: 1300px !important;
    padding-right: 1.75rem !important;
    padding-left: 1.75rem !important;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1600px) {
  .container,
  .container-sm,
  .container-md,
  .container-lg,
  .container-xl,
  .container-xxl {
    max-width: 1340px !important;
    padding-right: 2rem !important;
    padding-left: 2rem !important;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   1. TOP BAR
   ========================================================================== */
.tech-top-bar {
  background: var(--tech-navy-dark);
  color: #a0aec0;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}
.tech-top-bar a {
  color: #cbd5e1;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.tech-top-bar a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
}
.tech-top-bar .issn-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.55rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border-radius: 0.35rem;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.775rem;
  font-family: var(--tech-font-mono);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   2. MAIN HEADER & NAVBAR (Sticky / Fixed on Scroll)
   ========================================================================== */
.tech-navbar {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.1);
  padding: 0.75rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  position: -webkit-sticky !important;
  position: sticky !important;
  top: 0 !important;
  left: 0 !important;
  right: 0 !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  z-index: 1040 !important;
}
.tech-navbar.is-fixed,
.tech-navbar.is-sticky {
  position: fixed !important;
  top: 0 !important;
  left: 0 !important;
  right: 0 !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  z-index: 9999 !important;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.16) !important;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98) !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.12) !important;
  padding: 0.45rem 0 !important;
}

.tech-brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
}
.tech-brand-logo {
  max-height: 52px;
  width: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}
.tech-brand:hover .tech-brand-logo {
  transform: scale(1.03);
}

.tech-brand-info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}
.tech-brand-initials {
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 0.1rem;
  display: block;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}
.tech-brand:hover .tech-brand-initials {
  color: var(--tech-primary-hover);
}
.tech-brand-title {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--tech-gray-600);
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  display: block;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}
.tech-brand:hover .tech-brand-title {
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
}
.tech-brand-name {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: 0.1rem;
}
.tech-brand:hover .tech-brand-name {
  color: var(--tech-primary);
}
.tech-brand-tagline {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--tech-gray-600);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.tech-brand-acronym {
  background: var(--tech-gradient);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.8rem;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.3);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  line-height: 1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

/* Nav Menu links */
.tech-nav .nav-link {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-gray-700);
  padding: 0.6rem 0.95rem !important;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-sm);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.035em;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  position: relative;
}
.tech-nav .nav-link:hover,
.tech-nav .nav-link:focus,
.tech-nav .nav-item.active .nav-link {
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  background-color: var(--tech-subtle);
}
.tech-nav .nav-item.active .nav-link::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 20%;
  right: 20%;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--tech-primary);
  border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
}

.tech-nav .dropdown-menu {
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  box-shadow: var(--tech-shadow-lg);
  padding: 0.6rem;
  min-width: 14rem;
  animation: techFadeIn 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}
.tech-nav .dropdown-item {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--tech-gray-700);
  padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 0.4rem;
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}
.tech-nav .dropdown-item:hover {
  background-color: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  transform: translateX(3px);
}

@keyframes techFadeIn {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(6px); }
  to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

/* Search Button in Navbar */
.btn-tech-search-nav {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background-color: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.2);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.btn-tech-search-nav:hover {
  background-color: var(--tech-primary);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--tech-primary);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.25);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* Logged-In User Navigation Dropdown */
.btn-tech-user {
  background-color: var(--tech-subtle);
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.2);
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.85rem 0.25rem 0.35rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.btn-tech-user:hover,
.btn-tech-user:focus {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--tech-primary);
  box-shadow: var(--tech-shadow-sm);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
}
.tech-user-avatar-badge {
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--tech-gradient);
  color: #ffffff;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
}
.tech-user-name {
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.tech-user-dropdown-menu {
  min-width: 230px;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  box-shadow: var(--tech-shadow-xl);
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-top: 0.5rem !important;
}
.tech-user-dropdown-menu .dropdown-item {
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--tech-gray-700);
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}
.tech-user-dropdown-menu .dropdown-item:hover {
  background-color: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  transform: translateX(3px);
}

/* Guest Navigation Buttons */
.btn-tech-login-btn {
  background-color: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.2);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.95rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.btn-tech-login-btn:hover {
  background-color: var(--tech-primary);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--tech-primary);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.25);
}

.btn-tech-register-btn {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  color: var(--tech-gray-700);
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-300);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.95rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.btn-tech-register-btn:hover {
  background-color: var(--tech-gray-100);
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
  border-color: var(--tech-gray-400);
}

/* User & Action Buttons */
.btn-tech-outline {
  background-color: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.25);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 1.15rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.btn-tech-outline:hover {
  background-color: var(--tech-primary);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.25);
}

.btn-tech-primary {
  background: var(--tech-gradient);
  color: #ffffff;
  border: none;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 1.25rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.3);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}
.btn-tech-primary:hover {
  filter: brightness(1.1);
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.4);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   3. HERO SECTION
   ========================================================================== */
.tech-hero {
  background: var(--tech-gradient-hero);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 5.5rem 0 6rem;
  color: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

/* Futuristic Tech Grid & Digital Matrix Motif */
.tech-hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
  background-image: 
    linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 40px 40px;
  mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 80% at 50% 50%, #000 70%, transparent 100%);
  -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 80% at 50% 50%, #000 70%, transparent 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* Glowing Orb Accents */
.tech-hero-orb-1 {
  position: absolute;
  width: 550px;
  height: 550px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(0, 180, 216, 0.22) 0%, transparent 70%);
  top: -120px;
  right: -80px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  pointer-events: none;
  filter: blur(40px);
}
.tech-hero-orb-2 {
  position: absolute;
  width: 450px;
  height: 450px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.4) 0%, transparent 70%);
  bottom: -100px;
  left: -50px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  pointer-events: none;
  filter: blur(50px);
}

.tech-hero-badge {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.95rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.tech-hero-badge:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.tech-hero-title {
  font-size: 2.85rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  color: #ffffff;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}
.tech-hero-title .highlight {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #a5f3fc 100%);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
}

.tech-hero-desc {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  max-width: 660px;
}

.btn-hero-cta-main {
  background: #ffffff;
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  font-weight: 800;
  padding: 0.85rem 2rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
.btn-hero-cta-main:hover {
  color: var(--tech-navy-dark);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
  background: #f8fafc;
}

.btn-hero-cta-outline {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.85rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.btn-hero-cta-outline:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}

/* Right Side: Futuristic Tech Graphic & Floating Issue Showcase */
.tech-showcase-card {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-xl);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 25px 50px -12px rgba(2, 19, 48, 0.5), 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
  transition: all 0.35s ease;
  position: relative;
}
.tech-showcase-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-8px);
  box-shadow: 0 32px 64px -12px rgba(2, 19, 48, 0.65), 0 0 0 2px rgba(0, 180, 216, 0.4);
}
.tech-showcase-cover-wrapper {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  padding: 0.35rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  max-height: 290px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}
.tech-showcase-cover {
  border-radius: calc(var(--tech-radius) - 2px);
  max-height: 280px;
  max-width: 100%;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain !important;
  display: block;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.tech-showcase-fallback {
  background: var(--tech-gradient);
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  height: 240px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #ffffff;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 1.5rem;
}

/* Tech Category Pills in Hero */
.tech-pill-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.tech-pill {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  color: #e2e8f0;
  font-size: 0.725rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   4. LIVE METRICS COUNTER BAR
   ========================================================================== */
.tech-metrics-bar {
  margin-top: -2.85rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 15;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}
.tech-metric-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-primary) !important;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.25rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.08);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.tech-metric-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.2);
  border-color: var(--tech-primary-hover) !important;
}

.tech-metric-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  background: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.15);
}
.tech-metric-value {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.tech-metric-label {
  font-size: 0.685rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-gray-600);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.035em;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   5. THREE-COLUMN HOMEPAGE LAYOUT
   ========================================================================== */

/* Section Headings */
.tech-col-title {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  position: relative;
}
.tech-col-title::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -2px;
  left: 0;
  width: 45px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--tech-primary);
}
.tech-col-title i {
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

/* LEFT COLUMN: ABOUT THE JOURNAL CARD (4-Side Colored Border) */
.tech-about-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-primary) !important;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--tech-primary) !important;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-lg, 1rem);
  padding: 1.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.08) !important;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}
.tech-about-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.14) !important;
}

/* LEFT COLUMN: KOTAK KETERANGAN EDISI (Issue Header Card - 4-Side Colored Border) */
.tech-issue-header-card {
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-primary) !important;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--tech-primary) !important;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-lg, 1rem) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.08) !important;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem !important;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}
.tech-issue-header-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.14) !important;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* LEFT COLUMN: INDIVIDUAL ARTICLE CARDS (4-Side Colored Border) */
.tech-article-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--tech-primary) !important;
  border-left: 4.5px solid var(--tech-primary) !important;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  padding: 1.35rem 1.4rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.06);
  transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.tech-article-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.16);
  border-color: var(--tech-primary) !important;
}

/* Article Cover Image with Colored List Border */
.tech-article-cover-col {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: 130px;
  margin-right: 1.25rem !important;
}

.tech-article-cover-link {
  width: 130px;
  height: 130px;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  border-radius: 6px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-primary, #033692) !important;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--tech-primary, #033692) !important;
  background: #ffffff !important;
  padding: 4px !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb, 3, 54, 146), 0.12);
  display: flex !important;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.tech-article-cover-link:hover,
.tech-article-card:hover .tech-article-cover-link {
  border-color: var(--tech-primary-hover, #022566) !important;
  border-left-color: var(--tech-accent, #00b4d8) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb, 3, 54, 146), 0.22);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.tech-article-cover-img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: contain; /* 100% visible, never cut off or cropped */
  object-position: center;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 3px;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.tech-article-card:hover .tech-article-cover-img {
  transform: scale(1.04);
}

.tech-article-body-col {
  padding-left: 0.35rem;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .tech-article-cover-col {
    width: 100%;
    margin-right: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  .tech-article-cover-link {
    width: 135px;
    height: 135px;
  }
  .tech-article-body-col {
    padding-left: 0;
  }
}

/* Article Detail Page 1:1 Cover */
.tech-detail-cover-wrapper {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 240px;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  background: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.tech-detail-cover-img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
  background-color: #ffffff;
}

.tech-article-category {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  background: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.2);
  padding: 0.25rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 0.4rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.tech-article-title {
  font-size: 1.075rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0.4rem;
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
}
.tech-article-title a {
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}
.tech-article-title a:hover {
  color: var(--tech-primary);
}

.tech-article-authors {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--tech-gray-600);
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.tech-article-meta {
  font-size: 0.785rem;
  color: var(--tech-gray-600);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.tech-doi-pill {
  font-size: 0.775rem;
  font-family: var(--tech-font-mono);
  background: var(--tech-gray-100);
  color: var(--tech-gray-700);
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  border-radius: 0.4rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.55rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}
.tech-doi-pill:hover {
  background: var(--tech-gray-200);
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
}

.tech-article-galleys {
  display: flex !important;
  flex-wrap: wrap !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  gap: 8px !important;
}

.btn-tech-pdf {
  background: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.25);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 0.45rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  margin: 2px 0;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.btn-tech-pdf:hover {
  background: var(--tech-primary);
  color: #ffffff;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.3);
}

/* MIDDLE COLUMN: ABOUT THE JOURNAL */
.tech-info-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  padding: 1.4rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--tech-shadow-2xs);
}
.tech-info-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-100);
}
.tech-info-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}
.tech-info-icon {
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  background: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* FULL-WIDTH ABOUT THE JOURNAL SECTION */
.tech-about-fullwidth-section .card {
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}
.tech-about-specs-grid {
  margin-top: 0.15rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem !important;
  row-gap: 0.25rem !important;
}

.tech-about-spec-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.7rem;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-primary, #033692);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--tech-primary, #033692);
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: all 0.18s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb, 3, 54, 146), 0.05);
  height: 100%;
}

.tech-about-spec-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--tech-primary-hover, #022566);
  border-left-color: var(--tech-accent, #00b4d8);
  background: var(--tech-subtle, #eef4ff);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb, 3, 54, 146), 0.12);
}

.tech-about-spec-icon {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb, 3, 54, 146), 0.08);
  color: var(--tech-primary, #033692);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  transition: all 0.18s ease;
}

.tech-about-spec-item:hover .tech-about-spec-icon {
  background: var(--tech-primary, #033692);
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: scale(1.04);
}

.tech-about-spec-content {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.tech-about-spec-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.675rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: #64748b;
  margin-bottom: 1px;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.tech-about-spec-value {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #0f172a;
  line-height: 1.25;
  word-break: break-word;
}

.tech-info-box-hover {
  background-color: var(--tech-gray-50);
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200) !important;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}
.tech-info-box-hover:hover {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--tech-primary) !important;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--tech-shadow-sm);
}

/* Card Indexing Terpisah di Atas Footer */
.tech-indexing-container {
  margin-top: 3.5rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 3.5rem !important;
}

.tech-indexing-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-primary);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.08);
  padding: 2.25rem 2rem;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.tech-indexing-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 4px;
  background: var(--tech-gradient);
}

.tech-indexing-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.14);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.tech-index-badge-footer {
  background: var(--tech-gray-50);
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  border-radius: 2rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 1.15rem;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-gray-700);
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}
.tech-index-badge-footer:hover {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--tech-primary);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--tech-shadow-sm);
}

/* Indexing & Abstracting Logos (Harmonized Uniform Dimensions) */
.tech-indexing-custom-content {
  color: var(--tech-gray-700);
  line-height: 1.6;
  text-align: center;
  width: 100%;
}

.tech-indexing-custom-content p,
.tech-indexing-custom-content div {
  display: flex !important;
  flex-wrap: wrap !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: center !important;
  gap: 0.85rem !important;
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}

.tech-indexing-custom-content a {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: center !important;
  height: 60px !important;
  min-width: 130px !important;
  max-width: 180px !important;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem !important;
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200) !important;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-sm) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04) !important;
  transition: all 0.25s ease !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.tech-indexing-custom-content a:hover {
  border-color: var(--tech-primary) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.16) !important;
  transform: translateY(-2px) !important;
}

.tech-indexing-custom-content img {
  max-height: 42px !important;
  max-width: 140px !important;
  width: auto !important;
  height: auto !important;
  object-fit: contain !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  transition: transform 0.25s ease !important;
}

.tech-indexing-custom-content a:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.05) !important;
}

/* Fallback Indexing Badges */
.tech-index-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.tech-index-badge-footer {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-sm);
  height: 52px;
  min-width: 130px;
  padding: 0.5rem 1.15rem;
  font-size: 0.825rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-gray-700);
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}

.tech-index-badge-footer:hover {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--tech-primary);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.16);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   SIDEBAR & BLOCK PLUGINS STYLING (Compact & Refined)
   ========================================================================== */
.tech-sidebar-wrapper,
.tech-sidebar-blocks {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

/* Individual Sidebar Block Card & Generic Widget Card (4-Side Colored Border) */
.tech-widget-card,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .block,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .tech-widget-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-primary) !important;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.08);
  padding: 1.15rem 1.05rem;
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.tech-widget-card:hover,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block:hover,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .block:hover,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .tech-widget-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--tech-primary) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.16);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Remove redundant pseudo-element line */
.tech-widget-card::before,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block::before,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .block::before,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .tech-widget-card::before {
  display: none !important;
}

/* Block Title / Header (Modern Themed Banner Header) */
.tech-widget-card .tech-col-title,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .title:not(.pkp_screen_reader),
.tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block_title,
.tech-sidebar-blocks h2:not(.pkp_screen_reader),
.tech-sidebar-blocks h3:not(.pkp_screen_reader),
.tech-sidebar-blocks h4:not(.pkp_screen_reader),
.tech-sidebar-blocks .tech-col-title,
.tech-sidebar-sticky .tech-widget-card .tech-col-title {
  font-size: 0.835rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  background: var(--tech-gradient, linear-gradient(135deg, #033692 0%, #0a4ebd 100%));
  margin: -1.15rem -1.05rem 0.95rem -1.05rem;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.05rem;
  border-radius: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  position: relative;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.15);
  border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
}

.tech-widget-card .tech-col-title i,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .title:not(.pkp_screen_reader) i,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block_title i,
.tech-sidebar-blocks h2:not(.pkp_screen_reader) i,
.tech-sidebar-blocks h3:not(.pkp_screen_reader) i,
.tech-sidebar-blocks h4:not(.pkp_screen_reader) i,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .tech-col-title i,
.tech-sidebar-sticky .tech-widget-card .tech-col-title i {
  color: #fde047 !important;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2));
}

.tech-sidebar-blocks h2.pkp_screen_reader,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .title.pkp_screen_reader {
  display: none !important;
}

/* Content Inside Blocks */
.tech-sidebar-blocks .content {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: var(--tech-gray-700);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* List Items Inside Sidebar Blocks (Colored Border Lists) */
.tech-sidebar-blocks ul,
.tech-sidebar-wrapper ul,
#sidebar ul,
.pkp_structure_sidebar ul {
  list-style: none !important;
  padding-left: 0 !important;
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  gap: 0.22rem !important;
}

.tech-sidebar-blocks ul li,
.tech-sidebar-wrapper ul li,
#sidebar ul li,
.pkp_structure_sidebar ul li,
.pkp_block.block_custom .content ul li,
.pkp_block.block_information .content ul li,
.pkp_block.block_custom ul li,
.pkp_block.block_information ul li {
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  background: #ffffff !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-primary, #033692) !important;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--tech-primary, #033692) !important;
  border-radius: 4px !important;
  transition: all 0.18s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb, 3, 54, 146), 0.08) !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  display: block !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
}

.tech-sidebar-blocks ul li:hover,
.tech-sidebar-wrapper ul li:hover,
#sidebar ul li:hover,
.pkp_structure_sidebar ul li:hover,
.pkp_block.block_custom .content ul li:hover,
.pkp_block.block_information .content ul li:hover,
.pkp_block.block_custom ul li:hover,
.pkp_block.block_information ul li:hover {
  border-color: var(--tech-primary-hover, #022566) !important;
  background: var(--tech-subtle, #eef4ff) !important;
  transform: translateX(3px) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb, 3, 54, 146), 0.16) !important;
}

.tech-sidebar-blocks ul li a,
.tech-sidebar-wrapper ul li a,
#sidebar ul li a,
.pkp_structure_sidebar ul li a,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .block_custom ul li a,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .block_information ul li a {
  display: flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: flex-start !important;
  padding: 0.32rem 0.65rem !important;
  background: transparent !important;
  border: none !important;
  border-radius: 0 !important;
  color: var(--tech-gray-900, #0f172a) !important;
  font-size: 0.8rem !important;
  line-height: 1.3 !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  transition: all 0.15s ease !important;
  gap: 0.45rem !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
}

.tech-sidebar-blocks ul li a:hover,
.tech-sidebar-wrapper ul li a:hover,
#sidebar ul li a:hover,
.pkp_structure_sidebar ul li a:hover,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .block_custom ul li a:hover,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .block_information ul li a:hover {
  background: transparent !important;
  border-color: transparent !important;
  color: var(--tech-primary, #033692) !important;
  transform: none !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
}

.tech-sidebar-blocks ul li a i,
.tech-sidebar-blocks ul li a em,
.tech-sidebar-wrapper ul li a i,
.tech-sidebar-wrapper ul li a em,
#sidebar ul li a i,
#sidebar ul li a em,
.pkp_structure_sidebar ul li a i,
.pkp_structure_sidebar ul li a em,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .block_custom .content ul li a em,
.tech-sidebar-blocks .block_custom .content ul li a i {
  color: var(--tech-primary, #033692) !important;
  font-size: 0.85rem !important;
  width: 16px !important;
  text-align: center !important;
  flex-shrink: 0 !important;
  font-style: normal !important;
}

/* Custom Block Manager Paragraphs */
.tech-sidebar-blocks .content p {
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}
.tech-sidebar-blocks .content p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Images & Banners Inside Sidebar Blocks */
.tech-sidebar-blocks img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 0.4rem;
  margin: 0.25rem 0;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.tech-sidebar-blocks a:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.02);
  filter: drop-shadow(0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12));
}

/* Form Controls Inside Sidebar */
.tech-sidebar-blocks select,
.tech-sidebar-blocks input[type="text"],
.tech-sidebar-blocks input[type="search"] {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-sm);
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-300);
  padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
  width: 100%;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   6. ARTICLE DETAILS PAGE
   ========================================================================== */
.tech-article-detail-box {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-lg);
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  padding: 2.25rem 2.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .tech-article-detail-box {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
  }
}

.tech-detail-header-title {
  font-size: 1.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: #0f172a;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .tech-detail-header-title {
    font-size: 1.45rem;
  }
}

.tech-author-box {
  background: var(--tech-gray-50);
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  padding: 1rem 1.15rem;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}
.tech-author-box:hover {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--tech-primary);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.1);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.tech-author-avatar {
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.tech-abstract-card {
  background: #f8fafc;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--tech-primary);
  border-radius: 0 var(--tech-radius) var(--tech-radius) 0;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem;
  margin: 1.25rem 0;
  font-size: 0.975rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
  color: var(--tech-gray-800);
  text-align: justify;
}

.tech-keyword-tag {
  background: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.2);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
  margin: 0.25rem 0.25rem 0.25rem 0;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.tech-keyword-tag:hover {
  background: var(--tech-primary);
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.tech-references-content {
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
  color: var(--tech-gray-800);
  word-break: break-word;
  background: var(--tech-gray-50);
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  max-height: none !important;
  overflow: visible !important;
}

.tech-sidebar-sticky {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

/* How to Cite / Citation Style Language Widget */
.tech-sidebar-sticky .item.citation,
.item.citation {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 2px solid var(--tech-primary) !important;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--tech-primary) !important;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.08);
  padding: 1.15rem 1.05rem;
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Remove redundant line */
.tech-sidebar-sticky .item.citation::before,
.item.citation::before {
  display: none !important;
}

.item.citation .sub_item.citation_display h2.label,
.item.citation h2.label {
  font-size: 0.835rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  background: var(--tech-gradient, linear-gradient(135deg, #033692 0%, #0a4ebd 100%));
  margin: -1.15rem -1.05rem 0.95rem -1.05rem;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.05rem;
  border-radius: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  position: relative;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.15);
  border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
}
.item.citation h2.label::before {
  content: '\F517';
  font-family: 'bootstrap-icons';
  color: #fde047 !important;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.item.citation #citationOutput {
  background: var(--tech-gray-50);
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-sm);
  padding: 0.75rem 0.85rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--tech-gray-800);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  word-break: break-word;
}

.item.citation .csl-left-margin {
  display: none !important;
}

.item.citation [aria-hidden="true"] {
  display: none !important;
}

.item.citation .citation_formats {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
}

.item.citation .citation_formats_button {
  background: var(--tech-subtle);
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.25);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-sm);
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: left;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.item.citation .citation_formats_button:hover {
  background: var(--tech-primary);
  color: #ffffff;
}
.item.citation .citation_formats_button::after {
  content: '\F282'; /* bi-chevron-down */
  font-family: 'bootstrap-icons';
}
.item.citation .citation_formats_button[aria-expanded="true"]::after {
  content: '\F286'; /* bi-chevron-up */
}

.item.citation .citation_formats_list {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius-sm);
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  max-height: 220px;
  overflow-y: auto;
}

.item.citation .citation_formats_styles {
  list-style: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.3rem;
}
.item.citation .citation_formats_styles li a {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 0.35rem;
  background: var(--tech-gray-50);
  color: var(--tech-gray-800);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.775rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}
.item.citation .citation_formats_styles li a:hover {
  background: var(--tech-primary);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.item.citation .citation_formats .label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--tech-gray-600);
  margin: 0.75rem 0 0.35rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  display: block;
}

.tech-social-btn {
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}
.tech-social-btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  filter: brightness(1.1);
}

/* ==========================================================================
   7. INNER PAGE HEADER BANNER
   ========================================================================== */
.tech-inner-banner {
  background: var(--tech-gradient);
  padding: 2.75rem 0 3.25rem;
  color: #ffffff;
  position: relative;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}
.tech-inner-banner::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
  background-image: 
    linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 32px 32px;
  opacity: 0.45;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.tech-breadcrumb a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}
.tech-breadcrumb a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   8. MODERN HIGH-TECH FOOTER
   ========================================================================== */
.tech-footer {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #020919 0%, #031533 50%, #010612 100%);
  color: #94a3b8;
  padding: 4.5rem 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 180, 216, 0.25);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Digital Grid Background Texture */
.tech-footer::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
  background-image: 
    linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 36px 36px;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.7;
}

/* Glowing Top Accent Line */
.tech-footer::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 10%;
  right: 10%;
  height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #00b4d8, #033692, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 16px rgba(0, 180, 216, 0.7);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.tech-footer-brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}
.tech-footer-brand:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.tech-footer-brand-logo {
  max-height: 50px;
  width: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #ffffff;
  padding: 5px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}
.tech-footer-brand-initials {
  font-size: 1.65rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #ffffff;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #7dd3fc 100%);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
}
.tech-footer-brand-title {
  font-size: 0.775rem;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-top: 2px;
}

.tech-footer-about {
  color: #94a3b8;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.tech-footer-badge {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.tech-footer-badge:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 180, 216, 0.12);
  border-color: rgba(0, 180, 216, 0.3);
  color: #ffffff;
}

.tech-footer-title {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  margin-bottom: 1.35rem;
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}
.tech-footer-title::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 35px;
  height: 2.5px;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--tech-accent), var(--tech-primary));
  box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(0, 180, 216, 0.6);
}

.tech-footer-links {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.6rem;
}
.tech-footer-links li {
  margin: 0;
}
.tech-footer-links a {
  color: #94a3b8;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.885rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all 0.22s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}
.tech-footer-links a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
  transform: translateX(4px);
}
.tech-footer-links a i {
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}
.tech-footer-links a:hover i {
  color: #38bdf8;
  transform: translateX(2px);
}

.tech-footer-contact-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.tech-footer-contact-icon {
  width: 28px;
  height: 28px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: rgba(0, 180, 216, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 180, 216, 0.25);
  color: var(--tech-accent);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-top: 1px;
}

.tech-social-btn {
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  font-size: 1rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.22s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}
.tech-social-btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.08);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
}

.tech-footer-pkp-box {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.75rem 0.85rem;
  transition: all 0.22s ease;
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}
.tech-footer-pkp-box:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  border-color: rgba(0, 180, 216, 0.35);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.tech-footer-bottom {
  padding: 1.5rem 0;
  margin-top: 3.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #64748b;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   9. FLOATING ACTIONS (WhatsApp Chat & Back to Top)
   ========================================================================== */
.tech-floating-actions {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 24px;
  right: 24px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-end;
  gap: 12px;
  z-index: 9990;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.tech-floating-actions > * {
  pointer-events: auto;
}

/* Floating WhatsApp Chat Button */
.tech-float-whatsapp {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #25d366 0%, #128c7e 100%);
  color: #ffffff !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  padding: 10px 16px 10px 14px;
  border-radius: 50px;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(37, 211, 102, 0.4), 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
  transition: all 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.tech-float-whatsapp::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
  border-radius: 50px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
}

.tech-float-whatsapp:hover::before {
  opacity: 1;
}

.tech-float-whatsapp i {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  line-height: 1;
  display: inline-block;
  animation: techWaPulse 2.5s infinite;
}

.tech-float-whatsapp .tech-float-label {
  display: inline-block;
  white-space: nowrap;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.tech-float-whatsapp:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.04);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(37, 211, 102, 0.55), 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

@keyframes techWaPulse {
  0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); }
  50% { transform: scale(1.15) rotate(-6deg); }
}

/* Floating Back to Top Button */
.tech-back-to-top {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--tech-gradient);
  color: #ffffff !important;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.35), 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
  cursor: pointer;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(16px) scale(0.85);
  transition: all 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  text-decoration: none !important;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.tech-back-to-top.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
}

.tech-back-to-top:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.08);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.55), 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  .tech-floating-actions {
    bottom: 16px;
    right: 16px;
    gap: 10px;
  }
  .tech-float-whatsapp {
    padding: 10px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  .tech-float-whatsapp .tech-float-label {
    display: none;
  }
  .tech-back-to-top {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
  }
}

/* OJS block plugins */
.pkp_block {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--tech-gray-200);
  border-radius: var(--tech-radius);
  padding: 1.4rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--tech-shadow-2xs);
}
.pkp_block .title {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--tech-gray-900);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.55rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--tech-subtle);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.pkp_block .content ul {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.pkp_block .content ul li {
  padding: 0.45rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--tech-gray-200);
}
.pkp_block .content ul li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.pkp_block .content ul li a {
  color: var(--tech-gray-700);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.pkp_block .content ul li a:hover {
  color: var(--tech-primary);
}

/* Reading Progress Bar */
#tech-reading-progress {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #00b4d8, #033692);
  z-index: 9999;
  width: 0%;
  transition: width 0.1s ease;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   9. COMPREHENSIVE MOBILE-FRIENDLY & RESPONSIVE UI RULES
   ========================================================================== */

/* Global Mobile Fixes */
html, body {
  overflow-x: hidden !important;
  max-width: 100vw;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

img, svg {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.table-responsive {
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}

/* --- TABLETS & MOBILE (< 992px) --- */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  /* Navbar & Navigation */
  .tech-navbar {
    padding: 0.65rem 0;
  }
  
  .navbar-toggler {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.65rem;
    background: #f1f5f9;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
  }
  .navbar-toggler:focus {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(3, 54, 146, 0.15) !important;
  }
  
  .tech-nav {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 1.15rem 1rem;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
  }
  
  .tech-nav .navbar-nav .nav-item {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
  }
  .tech-nav .navbar-nav .nav-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
  }
  
  .tech-nav .navbar-nav .nav-link {
    padding: 0.65rem 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
  }
  
  .tech-nav .dropdown-menu {
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    box-shadow: none;
    background: #f8fafc;
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 0.35rem;
  }

  /* Hero Section Banner */
  .tech-hero {
    padding: 2.75rem 0 2rem;
  }
  .tech-hero-title {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4.5vw, 2.25rem);
    line-height: 1.25;
  }
  .tech-hero-desc {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }
  .tech-hero-stats {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  /* Metrics Ribbon */
  .tech-metric-card {
    padding: 1rem 0.85rem;
  }
  .tech-metric-number {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }

  /* Content Columns */
  .tech-sidebar-wrapper,
  .tech-sidebar-blocks {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
  }
}

/* --- SMARTPHONES LANDSCAPE & PORTRAIT (< 768px) --- */
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  /* Brand Header */
  .tech-brand {
    gap: 0.65rem;
  }
  .tech-brand-logo,
  .tech-brand div[style*="width: 44px"] {
    width: 38px !important;
    height: 38px !important;
  }
  .tech-brand-initials {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
  }
  .tech-brand-title {
    font-size: 0.785rem;
    max-width: 220px;
    line-height: 1.25;
  }

  /* Hero Section */
  .tech-hero {
    padding: 2.25rem 0 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .tech-hero-actions {
    justify-content: center;
  }

  /* About the Journal Card */
  .tech-about-card {
    padding: 1.25rem 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }
  
  /* Kotak Keterangan Edisi */
  .tech-issue-header-card {
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem !important;
  }
  .tech-issue-header-card .card-body {
    padding: 1.25rem 1rem !important;
  }

  /* Indexing Badges */
  .tech-indexing-card {
    padding: 1.25rem 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }
  .tech-index-badge-footer {
    padding: 0.4rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.775rem;
  }

  /* Article Cards */
  .tech-article-card {
    padding: 1.15rem 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }
  .tech-article-title {
    font-size: 0.975rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }
  .tech-article-authors {
    font-size: 0.825rem;
  }

  /* Monthly Downloads & World Map Sections */
  .tech-stats-section-card {
    padding: 1.25rem 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }
  
  /* Footer */
  .tech-footer {
    padding: 2.75rem 0 0;
  }
  .tech-footer-bottom {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding: 1.25rem 0;
    text-align: center;
  }
}

/* --- EXTRA SMALL SMARTPHONES (< 576px) --- */
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
  /* Brand Container */
  .tech-brand-title {
    max-width: 175px;
    font-size: 0.725rem;
  }
  .tech-brand-initials {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }

  /* Hero CTA Buttons Full Width */
  .tech-hero-actions {
    flex-direction: column;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .tech-hero-actions .btn {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  /* 4-Features Grid in About Card: 1 column on extra small */
  .tech-about-card .row.g-2 > div {
    width: 100%;
  }
  
  /* Article Card Cover & Buttons */
  .tech-article-cover-col {
    width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  }
  .tech-article-cover-link {
    width: 110px;
    height: 110px;
  }
  
  /* Bottom Row of Article Card (DOI + PDF) */
  .tech-article-card .d-flex.justify-content-between {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch !important;
    gap: 0.65rem !important;
  }
  .btn-tech-pdf {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
  }
  
  /* Action buttons in About card */
  .tech-about-card .d-flex.gap-2.pt-2 {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .tech-about-card .d-flex.gap-2.pt-2 .btn {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  
  /* Sidebar Blocks */
  .tech-widget-card,
  .tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block,
  .tech-sidebar-blocks .block,
  .tech-sidebar-blocks .tech-widget-card {
    padding: 1rem 0.85rem;
  }
  .tech-widget-card .tech-col-title,
  .tech-sidebar-blocks .title:not(.pkp_screen_reader),
  .tech-sidebar-blocks .pkp_block_title,
  .tech-sidebar-blocks .tech-col-title {
    margin: -1rem -0.85rem 0.85rem -0.85rem;
    padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
  }

  /* Monthly Downloads Chart Container */
  .tech-monthly-chart-box {
    height: 240px !important;
    padding: 0.75rem 0.5rem !important;
  }
  
  /* Authors World Map */
  .tech-authors-map-container .card {
    padding: 1.25rem 1rem !important;
  }
  .tech-authors-map-wrapper {
    min-height: 220px;
  }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   AUTH & USER PAGES (Login, Register, Reset Password, Messages)
   ========================================================================== */
.page_register,
.page_login,
.page_lost_password,
.page_message,
.page_register_complete {
  min-height: 60vh;
}

.page_register .form-control:focus,
.page_register .form-select:focus,
.page_login .form-control:focus,
.page_lost_password .form-control:focus {
  border-color: var(--tech-primary) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.25rem rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.15) !important;
}

.page_register .input-group-text,
.page_lost_password .input-group-text {
  color: var(--tech-primary);
  background-color: #ffffff;
}

.page_register .form-check-input:checked,
.page_login .form-check-input:checked,
.page_lost_password .form-check-input:checked {
  background-color: var(--tech-primary);
  border-color: var(--tech-primary);
}

.page_register .form-check-input:focus,
.page_login .form-check-input:focus,
.page_lost_password .form-check-input:focus {
  border-color: var(--tech-primary);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.2rem rgba(var(--tech-primary-rgb), 0.2);
}